Labs and diagnostics

An ultrasound picture of the heart that shows its chambers, valves, walls and how well it pumps.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a test using a flexible scope through the mouth to look at the esophagus, stomach and start of the small intestine.

The percentage of blood in the left ventricle that is pumped out with each heartbeat.

A test that records the heart's electrical activity as waves on paper or a screen.

A test that records the electrical activity of the brain through small sensors placed on the scalp.

A mineral that carries an electric charge when dissolved in body fluids, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride.

A test that records the electrical activity of muscles, usually through thin needles placed in the muscle.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a lab method that finds and measures antibodies or antigens using a color change.

The level of carbon dioxide at the very end of a breath out, normally 35 to 45 mm Hg, measured by capnography.

A procedure that uses a scope passed through the mouth, with dye and X-rays, to see and treat the bile and pancreatic ducts.

A procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera to look inside the body.

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in the body without being used up.

A type of white blood cell that fights parasites and takes part in allergic reactions.

A blood test that measures how fast red blood cells settle to the bottom of a tube, used as a general sign of inflammation.

A biopsy that removes the whole lump or suspicious area, usually with a rim of normal tissue around it.

The extra air a person can force out of the lungs after breathing out normally.